Identifying ZTF Image Artifact (June 2026)
Bad images due to errors in the bias images
Bad ZTF bias image and the resulting science image.
Another example of science image with a bad input bias image.
Electronic Crosstalk


Crosstalk noise between electronics.
Crosstalk Artifacts


Crosstalk from saturated sources in other CCD readout channels during readout.
CCD Readout Errors
Bias frame errors.

Science image with shifted readout of CCD pixels.
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| | Difference images resulting from shifted science image readout. |
Partial frame readout.
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Saturated stars appears as UFOs after ZTF camera restarts.
Further details.
Streaked ZTF images

Montage of image trails from 2026-01-11 due to exposure sync issues between CCDs.
Exposures occured during the telescope slew.
Streaked ZTF science images across many nights
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| | 2023-01-04 | 2023-01-11 | 2024-12-01
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| | 2025_01_09 | 2025_01_09 | 2025_01_09
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| | 2025_01_09 | 2025_01_09 | 2025-01-22
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| | 2026-01-09 | 2026-01-25 | 2026-01-25
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| | 2026-04-23
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Images with curved streaks due the shutter being open while the telescope is slewing
between fields.
Streaks in one direction ending in a star mean the shutter was open at the start
or end of an exposure. Trails in two directions mean the shutter was open
before the telescope settled and after in started slewing to the next field.
Short streaks but no star mean the shutter was open for a short time during
the slew.
Satellite streaks

Trails from very bright (starlink?) rotating satellites from 2024-12-03.
Satellite trails form straight lines across images that do not end at stars.
They may not cross the full image because the exposure can end during
their transit. Meteor trails appear similar, but often brighten as they
transit the image and may end in a bright tail.
Clouds

A ZTF with strongly varying background due to clouds.
Focus

A ZTF with strongly moon-shaped stars due to poor focus.
This is typical on the edges of frames and common at
high airmass.
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